2024年11月Linux系统中如何使用uniq命令删除文本重复行

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  ⑴Linux系统操作中,文本的内容难免会出现重复行,如果手动删除的话,量多的时候又比较麻烦,那么有什么方法能够快速删除重复行呢?下面小编就给大家介绍下Linux中如何使用uniq命令删除重复行。

  ⑵一,uniq干什么用的

  ⑶文本中的重复行,基本上不是我们所要的,所以就要去除掉。linux下有其他命令可以去除重复行,但是我觉得uniq还是比较方便的一个。使用uniq的时候要注意以下二点

  ⑷,对文本操作时,它一般会和sort命令进行组合使用,因为uniq 不会检查重复的行,除非它们是相邻的行。如果您想先对输入排序,使用sort -u。

  ⑸,对文本操作时,若域中为先空字符(通常包括空格以及制表符,然后非空字符,域中字符前的空字符将被跳过

  ⑹二,uniq参数说明

  ⑺[zhangyBlackGhost ~]$ uniq --help

  ⑻用法:uniq [选项]。。。 [文件]

  ⑼从输入文件或者标准输入中筛选相邻的匹配行并写入到输出文件或标准输出。《/p》 《p》不附加任何选项时匹配行将在首次出现处被合并。《/p》 《p》长选项必须使用的参数对于短选项时也是必需使用的。

  ⑽-c, --count //在每行前加上表示相应行目出现次数的前缀编号

  ⑾-d, --repeated //只输出重复的行

  ⑿-D, --all-repeated //只输出重复的行,不过有几行输出几行

  ⒀-f, --skip-fields=N //-f 忽略的段数,-f 忽略第一段

  ⒁-i, --ignore-case //不区分大小写

  ⒂-s, --skip-chars=N //根-f有点像,不过-s是忽略,后面多少个字符 -s 就忽略后面个字符

  ⒃-u, --unique //去除重复的后,全部显示出来,根mysql的distinct功能上有点像

  ⒄-z, --zero-terminated end lines with byte, not newline

  ⒅-w, --check-chars=N //对每行第N 个字符以后的内容不作对照

  ⒆--help //显示此帮助信息并退出

  ⒇--version //显示版本信息并退出

  ⒈其中-z不知道有什么用

  ⒉三,测试文本文件uniqtest

  ⒊this is a test

  ⒋this is a test

  ⒌this is a test

  ⒍i am tank

  ⒎i love tank

  ⒏i love tank

  ⒐this is a test

  ⒑whom have a try

  ⒒WhoM have a try

  ⒓you have a try

  ⒔i want to abroad

  ⒕those are good men

  ⒖we are good men

  ⒗[zhangyBlackGhost mytest]$ uniq -c uniqtest

  ⒘ this is a test

  ⒙ i am tank

  ⒚ i love tank

  ⒛ this is a test //和第一行是重复的

  ① whom have a try

  ② WhoM have a try

  ③ you have a try

  ④ i want to abroad

  ⑤ those are good men

  ⑥ we are good men

  ⑦从上例子中我们可以看出,uniq的一个特性,检查重复行的时候,只会检查相邻的行。重复数据,肯定有很多不是相邻在一起的。

  ⑧[zhangyBlackGhost mytest]$ sort uniqtest |uniq -c

  ⑨ WhoM have a try

  ⑩ i am tank

  Ⅰ i love tank

  Ⅱ i want to abroad

  Ⅲ this is a test

  Ⅳ those are good men

  Ⅴ we are good men

  Ⅵ whom have a try

  Ⅶ you have a try

  Ⅷ这样就可以解决上个例子中提到的问题

  Ⅸ[zhangyBlackGhost mytest]$ uniq -d -c uniqtest

  Ⅹ this is a test

  ㈠ i love tank

  ㈡uniq -d 只显示重复的行

  ㈢[zhangyBlackGhost mytest]$ uniq -D uniqtest

  ㈣this is a test

  ㈤this is a test

  ㈥this is a test

  ㈦i love tank

  ㈧i love tank

  ㈨uniq -D 只显示重复的行,并且把重复几行都显示出来。他不能和-c一起使用

  ㈩[zhangyBlackGhost mytest]$ uniq -f -c uniqtest

   this is a test

   i am tank

   i love tank

   this is a test

   whom have a try

   you have a try

   i want to abroad

   those are good men //只有一行,显示二行

  在这里those只有一行,显示的却是重复了,这是因为,-f 忽略了第一列,检查重复从第二字段开始的。

  [zhangyBlackGhost mytest]$ uniq -i -c uniqtest

   this is a test

   i am tank

   i love tank

   this is a test

   whom have a try //一个大写,一个小写

   you have a try

   i want to abroad

   those are good men

   we are good men

  检查的时候,不区分大小写

  [zhangyBlackGhost mytest]$ uniq -s -c uniqtest

   this is a test

   i am tank

   i love tank

   this is a test

   whom have a try //根上一个例子有什么不同

   i want to abroad

   those are good men

   we are good men

  检查的时候,不考虑前个字符,这样whom have a try 就和 you have a try 就一样了。

  [zhangyBlackGhost mytest]$ uniq -u uniqtest

  i am tank

  this is a test

  whom have a try

  WhoM have a try

  you have a try

  i want to abroad

  those are good men

  we are good men

  去重复的项,然后全部显示出来

  [zhangyBlackGhost mytest]$ uniq -w -c uniqtest

   this is a test

   i am tank

   this is a test

   whom have a try

   WhoM have a try

   you have a try

   i want to abroad

   those are good men

   we are good men

  对每行第个字符以后的内容不作检查,所以i am tank 根 i love tank就一样了。

  上面就是Linux下使用uniq命令删除重复行命令的方法介绍了,有时文本中的重复行不仅没有用处,还占用空间,快使用uniq命令进行清除吧。